BRAND PERSONALITY

Business practitioners have identified three components of a brand image: attributes, consequences and brand personality. Brand image is more comprehensive than brand personality. Brand image consists of all the associations that a consumer has for that brand. These associations include all the feelings, thoughts, and imagery including colours, sounds or smalls that are cognitively connected to that brand in the memory of the consumer. McDonald’s could be connected to a character such as Ronald McDonald, a young teenager, having a liking for fun, having a life style. 

INDIFFERENCE CURVE ANALYSIS

An indifference curve is a locus of point representing the combination of two commodities that provide an individual with a given level of satisfaction. Provided a consumer has more of one commodity he must give up some units of the other commodity to compensate and still maintain the same total satisfaction; therefore an indifference curve must slope downwards from left to right. 

THE CONCEPT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP

The concept of entrepreneur concerns to the vision of an entrepreneur as well as its transforming into action by him. Entrepreneurship is a creative and innovative response of an individual to the environment. It is also the process of establishing a new venture by the entrepreneur. Thus, an entrepreneurship is a composite skill  a combination of many qualities and traits such as imagination, risk taking, ability to utilize factors of production, i.e, land, labour, technology and several intangible factors.

INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL MARKETS

The international sources of finance, and uses for finance in different countries constitute the capital markets of the world. Each country has its own capital market. However, national capital markets are partly linked and partly separated. The fact that national capital markets are at different stages of development and  have different depth and sizes, have varying prices and availability of capital makes the international finance very exciting. 

OLIGOPOLY

An oligopoly is a market situation where a few firms dominate the market selling homogeneous or differentiated products interdependent with respect to pricing and output decisions.