DEVELOPMENT OF MANAGEMENT

Henry Ford is known for managing a factory making car efficiently, and made a space in the history of American business and culture due to his concern for efficient, calculated management known as Model T Henry Ford. He performed as the head of an organization, developed the ideas according to which that organization developed and functioned, and served as a management theorist.  Ford was willing to accept the advice of other theorists. 

Frederick Winslow Taylor commenced his work on scientific industrial management at Ford's Model T plant. The evolution of management considers questions such as:

• What story lies behind the development of management theory?
• How did managers and the theorists conceive the ideas of management practice of today's organizations?
• How did those ideas evolves?

In addition practicing researchers frequently produces practical results, just as the theory contributes to the practice of management. The theories and principles of management make it easier to understand underlying processes.

The evolution of the subject of management includes the contributions of all schools and approaches. In the study of management as in most social sciences, no general theory has emerged to unify or dominate the field. The practice of borrowing principles from different theories appears to be the state of the art in management theory and practice. In future new perspectives will emerge that will not only help us to do our jobs better, but will also help us to re-evaluate ideas from the past.

As managers, we have different many ways of looking at organizations and at the activities, performance, and satisfaction of people in organizations. Each of these ways may be more useful in dealing with some problems than with others. For example, a management theory that emphasizes the importance of a good work environment may be more helpful in dealing with a high employee turnover rate than with production delays. Because there is no single, universally accepted management theory, we must be familiar with each of the major theories that currently coexist.

There are three well-established schools of management thought:

• The classical school
• The behavioral school, and
• The management science school.

Then there are two recent approaches to management that attempt to integrate the various theories.

• The systems approach and
• The Contingency approach.

These approaches are  discussed: